Research at the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine 


Draught Animal Power Research

Published papers

2006

PEARSON, R.A., ARCHIBALD, R.F. and MUIRHEAD, R.H. (2006). A comparison of the effect of forage type and level of feeding on the    digestibility and gastrointestinal mean retention time of dry forages given to cattle, sheep, ponies and donkeys.  British Journal of Nutrition, 95, 88-98.

PEARSON, R.A. and KRECEK, R.C. (2006). Delivery of health and husbandry improvements to working animals in Africa. Tropical Animal  Health and Production, 38, 93-101.

SMITH, D.G., CUDDEFORD, D. and PEARSON, R.A. (2006). The effect of extended grazing time and supplementary forage on the dry matter intake and foraging behaviour of cattle kept under traditional African grazing systems. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 38, 75-84.

Back to Top

2005

ALUJA, A.S. DE, TAPIA PEREZ, G. LOPEZ, F.  and  PEARSON, R.A. (2005). Live weight estimation of donkeys in Central Mexico from measurement of thoracic circumference. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 37, Suppl 1, 159-171.

MENGISTU, A., SMITH, D.G., YOSEPH, S., NEGA, T., ZEWDIE, W., KASSAHUN, W.G., TAYE, B. and  FIREW, T.  (2005). The effect of providing feed supplementation and anthelmintic to donkeys during late pregnancy and lactation on live weight and survival of dams and their foals in central Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 37, Suppl 1, 21-33.

PEARSON, R.A. (2005). Contributions to society: Draught and transport. Encyclopaedia of Animal Science, pp248-250. Marcel Dekker Inc, USA

PEARSON, R.A. (2005) Nutrition and Feeding of Donkeys. In: Veterinary Care of Donkeys, (eds N.S. Matthews and T.S. Taylor), International Veterinary Information service, Ithaca, New York, www.ivis.org.

PEARSON, R.A. (2005). Husbandry and use of working horses and donkeys in The Gambia., International League for the Protection of Horses, Anne Colvin House, Snetterton, Norwich, Norfolk, NR16 2NR, UK 97pp.

PEARSON, R.A. (2005). Experimental methods in draught animal research.  In: Proceedings of the AHAT/BSAS International Conference ‘Integrating livestock-crop systems to meet the challenges of globalisation (Eds P Rowlinson, C. Wachirapakorn, P. Pakdee and M. Wanapat) Nov 14-18 2005, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Vol 1  401-408

SMITH, D.G. and PEARSON, R.A. (2005) A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 37, Suppl 1, 1-19.

YOSEPH, S., SMITH, D.G. MENGISTU, A., TEKLU, F., FIREW, T. and BETERE, Y. (2005).  Seasonal variation in the parasite burden and body condition of working donkeys in East Shewa and West Shewa regions of Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 37, Suppl 1, 35-45.

Back to Top

2004

ARRIAGA-JORDAN, C. AND PEARSON, R.A. (2004). The contribution of livestock to smallholder livelihoods: the situation in Mexico. In: (Eds E. Owen, T. Smith, M.A. Steele, S. Anderson, A.J. Duncan M. Herrero, J. D. Lever, C.K. Reynolds, J. I. Richards, J. C. Ku-Vera) Responding to the Livestock Revolution: the role of globalisation and implications for poverty alleviation. pp 99-115. British Society of Animal Science, Nottingham University Press

KAY, G., PEARSON, R.A. and OUASSAT, M. (2004). Estimation of the liveweight of working mules in Morocco from their body measurements. Veterinary Record, 154: 85-88.

POWELL, J.M., PEARSON, R.A., and HIERNAUX, P.H. (2004). Crop-livestock interactions in the West African drylands. Agronomy Journal, 96: 469-483.

Back to Top

2003

ARRIAGA-JORDAN, C., VELAZQUEZ-BELTRAN, L., PEARSON, R.A., ADAMS, E., PEDRAZA-FUENTES, A.M., MARTINEZ-GARCIA, C., SOUZA-SANTANA, F. AND CASTELAN-ORTEGA, O. (2003) The use of spring and winter vetch for the improved feeding of working equids in hill-slope mountain communities of Mexico In: (Eds R.A. Pearson, D. Fielding and D. Tabbaa). pp192-202.  Fourth International Colloquium on Working Equines. Proceedings of an International Colloquium held at Al Baath University, Hama, Syria April 20-26 2002.

PEARSON, R.A., SIMALENGA, T.E. and KRECEK, R.C. (2003). Harnessing and hitching donkeys, horses and mules for work. University of Edinburgh, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine. ISBN 0-907146-14-7.

PEARSON, R.A., FIELDING, D. and TABBAA, D. Eds. (2003). Fourth International Colloquium on Working Equines. Proceedings of an International Colloquium held at Al Baath University, Hama, Syria April 20-26 2002. SPANA, 14 John Street London, WC1N 2EB. ISBN 0-907146-17-1.

SANTOS, S.A., COSTA, CX., SILVA E SOUZA, G., CRISPIM, S.M.A., PEARSON, R.A. AND GUTIERREZ, R. 2003 Foraging strategy of cattle in the Pantanal rangeland, Nhecolandia Sub-region, Brazil. Proceedings of the VII International Rangelands Congress (eds: N. Allsop, A.R. Palmer, S.J. Milton, K.P. Kirkman, G.I.H. Kerley, C.R. Hurt, C.J. Brown).  African Journal of Range and Forage Science 20 (2), 23-30.

SIMALENGA, T.E. and PEARSON, R. A. (2003). Using cows for work. University of Edinburgh, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, ISBN 0.907146-15-5.

SMITH, D.G. and PEARSON, R.A. (2003) Factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. In: (Eds R.A. Pearson, D. Fielding and D. Tabbaa). pp284-295.  Fourth International Colloquium on Working Equines. Proceedings of an International Colloquium held at Al Baath University, Hama, Syria April 20-26 2002.

Back to Top

2002

Pearson, R.A.,Alemayehu, M, Tesfaje, A, Allan, E.F., Smith, D.G. and Asfaw, M (2002) Use

            and management of donkeys in  peri -urban areas of Ethiopia, Centre for Tropical

             Veterinary Medicine Draught Animal Power Technical Report  5  ISBN 0-907146-13-9

SMITH, D. G., MPENDU, B. F., LAMANI, M.B., DZEBA, L. AND KELLY, E (2002) Evaluation of recently developed techniques for estimating diet composition in browsing herbivores. Agripa http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/article/agrippa/552_ en.htm

NENGOMASHA, E.M., JELE, N. and PEARSON, R.A. (2002).  Phenotypic characteristics of working donkeys in Western Zimbabwe.  In: Proceedings of the ATNESA Workshop “Meeting the Challenges of Animal Traction”, 4-8 Dec 1995, Karen, Ngong hills, Kenya (in press)

 PEARSON, R.A., NENGOMASHA, E.M. and KRECEK, R.C. (2002).  Improving the management of donkeys in Africa - issues, experiences and opportunities.  In: Proceedings of the ATNESA Workshop, ‘Improving Donkey Utilisation and Management’, 5-9 May 1997, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. (in press).

 PEARSON, R.A. and KRECEK, R.C. (2002). Delivery of working animal health and husbandry improvements in modernising agriculture – considerations in planning activities. In. Proceedings of the International workshop on Modernising Agriculture – visions and technologies for animal traction and conservation agriculture. 19-25th May 2002 , Jinga, Uganda, ATNESA/ACT.

 SMITH, D. G., CUDDEFORD, D AND PEARSON, R. A. (2002) An in vitro method for estimating dry matter digestibility in equid species, using fresh faeces as a source of inoculum. Animal Science  (in press).

Back to Top


2001

 

 

HENLEY, S. R.,  SMITH, D. G.  AND RAATS, J. G.   (2001).  An evaluation of three techniques applied to the study of diet selection in free-ranging large herbivores. Journal of Range Management 54:582-588.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A.  (2001).  Use of draught animal power on small-scale mixed farms in Asia.  Agricultural Systems, 71, 99-110.

PEARSON, R.A. (2001). Nutrition of working animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, Volume 25, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10 (4 Suppl), S26.

PEARSON, R.A., ARCHIBALD, R.F. AND MUIRHEAD, R.H. (2001). The effect of forage quality            and level of feeding on digestibility and gastrointestinal transit time of oat straw and               alfalfa given to ponies and donkeys.  British Journal of Nutrition 85(5), 599-606.

SANTOS, S. A., SMITH, D. G. AND COSTA, C (2001) Avaliação do padrão circadiano das atividades de alimentação e ruminação de bovinos no pantanal pelo uso de aparelho registrador eletrônico portátil. 38a Reunião Annual da sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia 23 a 26 Julho de 2001, Piracicaba, São Paulo. pp 2 –6.

Back to Top

 2000

AKINBAMIJO, O.O., PEARSON, R.A. and JONES, T.W. (2000).  Work stress and innate resistance of working bulls on two planes of nutrition: Lessons from the N’Dama cattle of West Africa. In: Empowering farmers with animal traction  (eds. P.G.Kaumbutho, R.A. Pearson and T.E. Simalenga) pp 169-178. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) held 20-24 September 1999, Mpumalanga, South Africa, ATNESA

DIJKMAN, J.T., ALEMU GEBRE WOLD and PEARSON, R.A. (2000).  Multipurpose use of work animals in smallholder farming systems. In: Empowering farmers with animal traction  (eds. P.G.Kaumbutho, R.A. Pearson and T.E. Simalenga) pp 136-141. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) held 20-24 September 1999, Mpumalanga, South Africa, ATNESA 

ISRAEL, S.H. and PEARSON, R.A. (2000).  Strategies to improve the effectiveness of supplementary feeding of working cattle in semi-arid crop/livestock systems. In: Empowering farmers with animal traction  (eds. P.G.Kaumbutho, R.A. Pearson and T.E. Simalenga) pp 146-152. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) held 20-24 September 1999, Mpumalanga, South Africa, ATNESA

 KAUMBUTHO, P. PEARSON, A. and SIMALENGA, T. (2000). Empowering Farmers with Animal Traction. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) held 20-24 September, 1999, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 344p ISBN 0-907146-10-4.

NENGOMASHA, E.M., PEARSON, R.A., and ALEMU GEBRE WOLD (2000). Empowering people through donkey power into the next millennium. In:Empowering farmers with animal traction  (eds. P.G.Kaumbutho, R.A. Pearson and T.E. Simalenga) pp 22-31. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) held 20-24 September 1999, Mpumalanga, South Africa, ATNESA.

PEARSON, R.A. (2000). Pulling together to improve food security. Appropriate Technology, 27 (3) 5-7.

PEARSON, R.A. (2000). Livestock as a source of energy in smallholder farming.  In Proceedings of the International Conference on Small Holder Livestock production Systems in Developing Countries, November 24-27 2000,Kerala Agricultural University, Mannuthy, Kerala, India.

THORNE, P.J., AND  SMITH, D. G. (2000) OXFEED.  Sistema de Formulación de Raciones para Bovinos de Trabajo en Regiones Tropicales.  Versión 2 para Windows 95 / 98 / NT.  pp 33.

Back to Top

1999

AKINBAMIJO, O.O., PEARSON, R.A., JONES, T.W. and DEMPFLE, L. (1999).  Further investigations on the role of nutrition in the trypanotolerance process.  In: Proceedings of the IXth International Conference of the Institutions of Tropical Veterinary Medicine (Vol II), 515- 525, held 14-18th September 1998, Harare, Zimbabwe.

NENGOMASHA, E.M., PEARSON, R.A. and SMITH T. (1999).  The donkey as a draught power resource in smallholder farming in semi-arid western Zimbabwe: 1. Live weight and feed and water requirements.  Animal Science 69, 297-304.

NENGOMASHA, E.M., PEARSON, R.A. and SMITH T. (1999).  The donkey as a draught power resource in smallholder farming in semi-arid western Zimbabwe: 2. Performance compared with that of cattle when ploughing on different soil types using two plough types.  Animal Science 69, 305-312.

PEARSON, R.A., NENGOMASHA, E. and KRECEK, R.C. (1999).  The challenges in using donkeys for work in Africa.  In:  Meeting the Challenges of Animal Traction, (eds. P.H. Starkey and P. Kaumbutho),  pp. 190-198.  A resource book of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA), Harare, Zimbabwe.  Intermediate Technology Publications, London.

PEARSON, R.A., WYTHE, S. JOUBERT, A.D.B., O’NEILL, D. and SIMALENGA, T., eds. (1999). Management and Feeding of Animals for Work.  Proceedings of a Workshop at Fort Hare University, 20-22 April, 1999.  Fort Hare University and CTVM, ISBN 0-907146-09-0

PEARSON, R. A., Zerbini, E. And Lawrence, P.R. 1999.  Recent advances in research on draught animals. Animal Science, 68, 1-17.

Back to Top

1998

BENNISON, J.J., CLEMENCE, R.G., ARCHIBALD, R.F., HENDY, C.R.C. and DEMPFLE, L. (1998).  The effects of work and two plans of nutrition on trypanotolerant draught cattle infected with Trypanosome congolense.  Animal Science, 66, 595-605.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and DIJKMAN, J.T. (1998).  The measurement of oxygen consumption and ventilation volume of draught animals using a modified oxylog.  Thermochimica Acta, 310, 107-117.

NENGOMASHA, E.M. and PEARSON, R.A. (1998).  The working donkey in smallholder farming systems in semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe.  In:  Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Working Equids, October 5-9 1998, Mexico City, pp 248- 257, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Mexico.

PEARSON, R.A. (1998).  Draught animals and their management - the future in rain-fed agriculture.  Annals of the Arid Zone 37, 233-251.

PEARSON, R.A. (1998).  The future of working equids - prospects and problems. In: Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Working Equids, October 5-9 1998, Mexico City, pp 1- 20, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Mexico.

PEARSON, R.A., ARCHIBALD, R.F. and MUIRHEAD, R.H. (1998).  The effect of feeding on digestibility of oat straw and alfalfa given to ponies and donkeys. In:  Proceedings of the Third Colloquium on Working Equids, October 5-9 1998, Mexico City, pp 286-292, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Mexico.

PEARSON, R.A., DIJKMAN, J.T., KRECEK, R.C. and WRIGHT, P. (1998).  The effect of density and weight of load on the energy cost of carrying loads by donkeys and ponies.  Tropical Animal Health and Production, 30, 67-78.

PEARSON, R. A. and VALL, E. (1998).  Performance and management of draught animals in sub-Saharan Africa:  a review.  Tropical Animal Health and Production, 30, 309-324.

POWELL, J.M., PEARSON, R.A., and HOPKINS, J.C. (1998).  Impacts of livestock on crop production. In:  Food, lands and livelihoods - setting research agendas for Animal Science.  (Eds. M. Gill, T. Smith, G.E. Pollott, E. Owen and T.L.J. Lawrence), pp 53-66. Occasional Publication No 21, British Society of Animal Science.

Back to Top

1997 

DIJKMAN, J.T. and Lawrence, P.R. (1997).  The energy expenditure of cattle and buffaloes walking and working in different soil conditions.  Journal of Agricultural Science, 128, 95-103.

DIJKMAN, J.T. and LAWRENCE, P.R. (1997).  The introduction of animal traction into inland valley regions.  3. Different cultivation techniques for maize.  Journal of Agricultural Science, 129, 77-82.

FALL, A., PEARSON, R.A. and LAWRENCE, P.R. (1997).  Nutrition of draught oxen in semi-arid West Africa.  I. Energy expenditure by oxen working on soils of different consistencies.  Animal Science, 64, 209-215.

FALL, A., PEARSON, R.A., LAWRENCE, P.R. and FERNÁNDEZ-RIVERA, S. (1997).  Nutrition of draught oxen in semi-arid and West Africa.  II. Effect of work on intake, digestibility and rate of passage of food through the gastro-intestinal tract in draught oxen fed crop residues.  Animal Science, 64, 217-225.

FALL, A., PEARSON, R.A. and FERNÁNDEZ-RIVERA, S. (1997).  Nutrition of draught oxen in semi-arid West Africa.  III. Effect of body condition prior to work and weight losses during work on food intake and work output.  Animal Science, 64, 227-232.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and DIJKMAN, J.T. (1997).  The introduction of animal traction into inland valley regions.  2. Dry season cultivation and the use of herbicides in rice.  Journal of Agricultural Science, 129, 71-75.

LAWRENCE, P.R., DIJKMAN, J.T. JANSEN, H.G.P. (1997).  The introduction of animal traction into inland valley regions.  1. Manual labour and animal traction in the cultivation of rice and maize:  a comparison.  Journal of Agricultural Science, 129, 65-70.

Back to Top

1996

MILNE, E.M., DOXEY, D.L. WOODMAN, M.P., CUDDEFORD, D. and PEARSON, R.A. (1996).  An evaluation of the use of cisapride in horses with chronic grass sickness (Equine dysantonomia).  British Veterinary Journal, 152, 537-549.

PEARSON, R.A. (1996).  Feeding strategies for cattle and buffalo used for work.  World Animal Review, 87, 1996(2), 45-55.

PEARSON, R.A., LAWRENCE, P.R. and SMITH, A.J. (1996).  The Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM) pulling its weight in the field of draught animal research.  Tropical Animal Health and Production, 28, 49-59.

PEARSON, R.A. and OUASSAT, M. (1996).  Estimation of liveweight and a body condition scoring system for working donkeys in Morocco.  Veterinary Record, 138, 229-233.

THU, N.V., PEARSON, R.A., PRESTON, T.R. and FAJERSSON, P. (1996).  Effect of work crushing sugarcane on pregnancy and lactation in cattle and buffaloes.  Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 9, 427-438.

THU, N.V., DONG, N.T.K., PRESTON, T.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1996).  Studies on buffalo in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.  In: Exploring Approaches to Research in the Animal Sciences in Vietnam, (ed. W.J. Pryor), pp 105-109.  A workshop.  Hue, Vietnam, 31 July-3 August 1995, ACIAR Proceedings No.68.

Back to Top

1995    

CUDDEFORD, D., PEARSON, R.A. ARCHIBALD, R.F. and MUIRHEAD, R.H. (1995).  Digestibility and gastro-intestinal transit time of diets containing different proportions of alfalfa and oat straw fed to thoroughbreds, Shetland ponies, Highland ponies and donkeys.  Animal Science, 61, 407-418.

Pearson, R.A. (1995).  Working animals as an ‘attraction’ in rural areas, their management and uses. In: Animal Production and Rural Tourism in Mediterranean Regions (eds J.C. Flamant, A.V. Portugal, J.P.Costa, A.F. Nunes and J. Boyazoglu), pp 203-206.  EAAP Publication No 74,Wageningen Pers, The Netherlands.

PEARSON, R.A. (1995). Management and husbandry of working animals with particular reference to their welfare. Proceedings of the Cairo International Meeting on Working Animals, April 13-16 1992, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 65-82

PEARSON, R.A. (1995).  Feeding systems for draught ruminants on high forage diets in some African and Asian countries.  In:  Recent Developments in the Nutrition of Herbivores, (eds. M. Journet, E. Grenet, M.H. Farce, M. Thériez, C. Demarquilly), pp 551-567.  Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, INRA Editions, Paris.

PEARSON, R.A. (1995).  Feeding draught animals for work.  Feed Mix, 3, 13-17.

Back to Top

1994    

LAWRENCE, P.R. and BECKER, K. (1994).  The effects of draft power on feed utilisation and reproduction in cattle and buffaloes. In: Sustainable Small-scale Ruminant Production in Semi-arid and Sub-humid areas (eds. K. Becker, P. Lawrence, R. Ærskov), pp.101-121.  Proceedings of an International Workshop, September 1994, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.

MUELLER, P.J., HINTZ, H.F., PEARSON, R.A., LAWRENCE, P.R. and VAN SOEST, P.J. (1994).  Voluntary intake of roughage diets by donkeys.  In: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Working Equines (eds. M.B. Bakkoury and R.A. Prentis), pp.137-148.  Actes Editions, Rabat, Morocco.

PEARSON, R.A. (1994).  Draft Animal Power.  In:  Encyclopaedia of Agricultural Science, Vol 1, pp. 613-623 Academic Press, California, USA.

PEARSON, R.A. and DIJKMAN, J.T. (1994). Nutritional implications of work in draught animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 53, 169-179.

PEARSON, R.A. and MATTHEWMAN, R.W. (1994).  Technology for rural livelihoods:  Lessons from CTVM's draught animal research for the implementation of sustainable development.  In: Technology for Rural Livelihoods; Current issues for Engineers and Social Scientists,  pp. 67-72.  Proceedings of a workshop held at the Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, 6-7 September 1994, ODA.

PEARSON, R.A. and SMITH, A.J. (1994).  Improving draught animal management In:  Improving Animal Traction Technology.  Proceedings of 1st workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) (eds. P. Starkey, E. Mwenya and J. Stares), pp. 122-129.  Technical Centre for Agricultural and Research Cooperation (CTA) Wageningen, The Netherlands.

PEARSON, R.A. and SMITH, D.G. (1994).  The effects of work on food intake and ingestive behaviour of draught cattle and buffalo given barley straw.  Animal Production, 58, 339-346.

SMITH, D.G., NAHIUS, A. ARCHIBALD, R.F. (1994).  A comparison of the energy requirements for work in donkeys, ponies and cattle.  In: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Working Equines (eds. M. Bakkoury and R.A. Prentis), pp. 17-22.  Actes Editions, Rabat, Morocco.

Back to Top

1993

LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1993).  Experimental methods in draught animal science:  The need for standardisation.  In:  Human and Draught Animal Power in Crop Production (eds. D.H. O'Neill, G. Hendriksen), pp. 36-39.  Proceedings  of the Silsoe Research Institute/CEC/FAO Workshop, 18-22 January 1993, Harare.  Printed by FAO, Rome.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1993). Experimental methods in draught animal research.  In: Research for Development of Animal Traction in West Africa.  Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop of the West Africa Animal Traction Network, 9-13 July 1990, Kano, Nigeria (eds P.R. Lawrence, K. Lawrence, J.T. Dijkman and P.H. Starkey) pp. 187-198.  West Africa Animal Traction Network and International Livestock Centre for Africa.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W. and DIJKMAN, J.T. (1993).  The nutrition of ruminant draught animals.  Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 121, 297-306.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W., OLDHAM, J.D. and HORGAN, G.W. (1993).  A note on the effect of sustained exercise on straw intake and body weight in lactating cattle.  Animal Production, 57, 491-494.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W., DIJKMAN, J.T. and ZERBINI, E. (1993).  The management and husbandry of male and female draught animals; research achievements and needs.  In:  Research for Development of Animal Traction in West Africa.  Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop of the West Africa Animal Traction Network, 9-13 July 1990, Kano, Nigeria (eds. P.R. Lawrence, K. Lawrence, J.T. Dijkman and P.H. Starkey), pp. 125-136   West Africa Animal Traction Network and International Livestock Centre for Africa.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W.,  MERRITT, J., OLDHAM, J.D. and HORGAN, G.W. (1993).  Effect of exercise on milk yield, milk composition and blood metabolite concentrations in Hereford x Friesian cattle.  Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 6 (4), 607-617.  

MATTHEWMAN, R. W., SMITH, D. G. AND O’NEILL, D. (1993). The farming system approach to draught animal research and development. In:  Human and Draught Animal Power in Crop Production (eds. D.H. O'Neill, G. Hendriksen). Proceedings  of the Silsoe Research Institute/CEC/FAO Workshop, 18-22 January 1993, Harare.  Printed by FAO, Rome.

PEARSON, R.A. (1993). Resource requirements for draught animal power.  In: Animal Production  in Developing Countries, (eds. M. Gill, E. Owen, G.E. Pollott and T.L.J. Lawrence), pp. 57-67  Occasional Publication No 16, British Society of Animal Production.

PEARSON, R.A., BAKKOURY, M., OUASSAT, M. (1993).  Strategies d'amelioration de l'utilisation des animaux de trait.  Association Nationale pour la Production Animale.  22 ème Journées Traction Animale et Développement Agricole.

PEARSON, R.A. and FALL, A. (1993).  Research on the nutrition of draught animals.  In: Human and Draught Animal Power in Crop Production (eds D.H. O'Neill and G. Hendriksen),  pp. 60-68, Proceedings of the Silsoe Research Institute/CEC/FAO Workshop, 18-22 January 1993, Harare.

SMITH, D.C., PEARSON, R.A. and CAMPBELL, I. (1993). Changes in food intake and ingestive behaviour of draught cattle and buffalo associated with work. Proceedings of the World Conference on Animal Production, 2, 358-359

Back to Top

1992

BOOTH, M.E., PEARSON, R.A. and CUDDEFORD, D. (1992). The effect of speed of walking on the energy cost of walking in ponies. 43rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production.  Madrid, September 1992, Vol 2:  542-543.

DIJKMAN, J.T. (1992). A note on the influence of negative gradients on the energy expenditure of donkeys walking, carrying and pulling loads. Animal Production 54, 153-156.

FIELDING, D. and PEARSON, R.A. (1992).  Power to the women - are donkeys an overlooked option?  ILEIA Newsletter for low external input and sustainable agriculture, 8 (3), 18-19.

PEARSON, R.A., CUDDEFORD, D., ARCHIBALD, R.F. and MUIRHEAD, R.H. (1992). Digestibility of diets containing different proportions of alfalfa and oat straw in Thoroughbreds, Shetland ponies, Highland ponies and donkeys.  Proceedings of the first European Conference on Equine Nutrition.  Pferdeheilkunde Sondersgabe, September 1992, pp. 153-157.

PEARSON, R.A. and LAWRENCE, P.R. (1992). Intake, digestion, gastro-intestinal transit time and nitrogen balance in working oxen: studies in Costa Rica and Nepal. Animal Production, 55, 361-370.

Back to Top

1991

FIELDING, D. (1991). Appropriate extension methods for equine users. In: Donkeys, Mules and Horses in Tropical Agricultural Development. (eds. D. Fielding and R.A. Pearson), pp. 300-305. University of Edinburgh.

LAWRENCE, P.R., PEARSON, R.A. and DIJKMAN, J.T. (1991). Techniques for measuring whole body energy expenditure of working animals -  a critical review. In: Isotopes and Related Techniques in Animal Production and Health.  Proceedings of a symposium. Vienna, IAEA/FAO, pp. 211-232, IAEA Vienna.

PAYNE, R.C., DJAUHARI, D., PARTOUTOMO, S., JONES, T.W. and PEARSON, R.A. (1991). Trypanosoma evansi infection in worked and unworked buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Indonesia. Veterinary Parasitology, 40, 197-206.

PEARSON, R.A. (1991). Biotechnology and draught animals? In: Biotechnology in Livestock in Developing Countries (ed. A.G. Hunter), pp. 57-69. Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine.

PEARSON, R.A. (1991). A comparison of Jersey crossbred and local oxen as draught animals in the Eastern hills of Nepal. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 4, 31-40.

PEARSON, R.A. (1991). Animal power: matching beast and burden. Appropriate Technology. 18 (3), 11-14.

PEARSON, R.A. and MERRITT, J.B. (1991). Intake, digestion and gastrointestinal transit time in resting donkeys and ponies and exercised donkeys given ad libitum hay and straw diets. Equine Veterinary Journal, 23, 339-343.

PEARSON, R.A. (1991). Effect of exercise on the digestive efficiency in donkeys given ad libitum hay and straw diets. In: Donkeys, Mules and Horses in Tropical Agricultural Development (eds. D. Fielding and R.A. Pearson), pp. 79-85. University of Edinburgh.

SMITH, A.J. (1991). The working equine - what can we learn from research with other animals used for draught purposes. In: Donkeys, Mules and Horses in Tropical Agricultural Development (eds. D. Fielding and R.A. Pearson), pp. 211-219.  University of Edinburgh.

Back to Top

1990 

GATENBY, R.M., PEARSON, R.A. and LIMBU, T.B. (1990). A survey of local and Jersey crossbred draught oxen in the hills of East Nepal. PAC Technical Paper, No. 128. Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, P.O. Box 106, Kathmandu, Nepal.

LAWRENCE, P.R. (1990). Food energy requirements of draught oxen. Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the World Association for Transport Animal Welfare Studies (TAWS), December 1989, pp. 7-27.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and STIBBARDS, R.J. (1990). The energy costs of walking, carrying and pulling loads on flat surfaces by Brahman cattle and Swamp buffalo. Animal Production, 50, 29-39.

PEARSON, R.A. (1990). A comparison of the work performance of Jersey crossbred and local oxen in the Koshi hills of East Nepal.  Pakhribas Technical Paper No. 130.  Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, P.O. Box 106, Kathmandu, Nepal.

PEARSON, R.A. (1990). A note on liveweight and intake and digestibility of food by draught cattle after supplementation of rice straw with the fodder tree Ficus auriculata. Animal Production, 51, 635-638.

PEARSON, R.A. and ARCHIBALD, R.F. (1990). Effect of ambient temperature and urea supplementation on the intake and digestion of alkali-treated straw by Brahman cattle and swamp buffaloes. Journal of Agricultural Science, 114, 177-186.

PEARSON, R.A. and LAWRENCE, P.R. (1990).  Some observations on work output and feeding of draught animals in the Koshi hills of Nepal.  In:  Livestock in the Hills of Nepal - 2 (eds. R.M. Gatenby, B. Thapa and N.P. Shrestha), pp. 32-41.  Pakhribas Agricultural Centre, P.O. Box 106, Kathmandu, Nepal.

SMITH, A.J. (1990). Using science to understand the biological constraints that limit work animal productivity. In: Animal Traction for Agricultural Development.  West African Animal Traction Network, 1988 Workshop (eds. P Starkey and A. Faye), pp. 156-160.  West African Animal Traction Network and CTA.

Back to Top

1989 

LAWRENCE. P.R., BUCK, S.F. and CAMPBELL, I. (1989). The metabolic rate of oxen after work.   Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 48, 153A.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1989). Measurement of energy expenditure in working animals - Methods for different conditions. In: Draught Animals in Rural Development (ed. D. Hoffmann, J. Nari and R.J. Petheram). ACIAR Proceedings, Series No. 27, 155-165.

LAWRENCE, P.R., SOSA, R. and CAMPBELL, I. (1989). The underlying 'resting' energy consumption of oxen during work. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 48, 154A.

MATHERS, J.C., BABER, R.P. and ARCHIBALD, R.F. (1989). Intake, digestion and gastro-intestinal transit time in Asiatic buffaloes and Ayrshire cattle given two contrasting diets and housed at 20°C and 33°C. Journal of Agricultural Science, 113, 211-222.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W., MERRITT, J.B., SMITH, A.J., PHILLIPS, P. and OLDHAM, J.D. (1989). Effects of exercise on lactational performance in cattle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 48, 92A.

MERRITT, J.B. and PEARSON, R.A. (1989). Voluntary food intake and digestion of hay and straw diets by donkeys and ponies. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 48, 169A.

OLDHAM, J.D., EAYRES, H., EMMANS, G.C., HOU, X.Z., ILLIUS, A.W., JESSOP, N.S. and MATTHEWMAN, R.W. (1989). Food and animal characteristics relevant to the prediction of forage consumption and nutrient use in productive ruminants. In: Feeding Strategies for Improving Productivity of Ruminant Livestock in Developing Countries, pp. 97-112. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

PEARSON, R.A. (1989). Reduced work output of well fed buffaloes pulling carts on the terai in East Nepal. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 21, 273-276.

PEARSON, R.A. (1989). A comparison of draught cattle (Bos indicus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) carting loads in hot conditions. Animal Production, 49, 355-363.

PEARSON, R.A. and ARCHIBALD, R.F. (1989). Biochemical and haematological changes associated with short periods of work in draught oxen. Animal Production, 48, 375-384.

PEARSON, R.A., LAWRENCE, P.R. and GHIMIRE, C. (1989). Factors influencing the work done by draught oxen:  A study in the eastern hills of Nepal. Animal Production, 49, 345-353.

Back to Top

1988 

FIELDING, D. (1988). Donkeys in Africa. In: The Exploitation of Animals in Africa (ed. J.C. Stone), pp. 85-100. Aberdeen University, African Studies Group.

FIELDING, D. (1988). Pack transport with donkeys. Appropriate Technology, 15 (3), 11-13.

FIELDING, D. (1988). Equines pull their weight. Ceres, 21, (1), 38-41.

FIELDING, D. (1988). Reproductive characteristics of the Jenny Donkey - Equus asinus. A review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 20, 161-166.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and SMITH, A.J. (1988). A better beast of burden. New Scientist, 21 April, 49-53.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W. (1988). Draught animals and the role and future potential of draught cows in African farming systems. In: The Exploitation of Animals in Africa (ed. J.C. Stone), pp. 101-112. Aberdeen University, African Studies Group

Back to Top

1987 

FIELDING, D. (1987). Donkey power in African rural transport. World Animal Review, 63, 23-30.

MATTHEWMAN, R.W. (1987). The role and potential of draught cows in tropical farming systems. A review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 19, 215-222.

1986

LAWRENCE, P.R. (1986). The energy expenditure of working oxen. Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Animal Feeding, p. 26, Madrid.

PEARSON, R.A. (1986). Feeding and management of draught animals - A review. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management, 2, 48-69.

SNEDDON, J.C. (1986). The effect of treadmill slope on the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in cattle walking on treadmills. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 106, 433-436.

SMITH, A.J., LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1986). Draught animal research at the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, 39th Annual Report. Edinburgh Centre for Rural Economy, 25-31.

THOMAS, C.K. and PEARSON, R.A. (1986). Effect of head cooling on energy expenditure, feed intake and heat tolerance of Brahman and Brahman x Friesian cattle working on treadmills. Animal Production, 43, 83-90.

WATSON, N.A.C., PEARSON, R.A. and ARCHIBALD, R.F. (1986). Effect of ambient temperature and urea supplementation on the intake of fibrous diets by draught ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 45, 98A.

Back to Top

1985

BABER, R.P. and MATHERS, J.C. (1985). Intake and digestibility of foods by Ayrshire cattle and Asiatic buffaloes maintained at moderate and high temperatures. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 44, 43A.

LAWRENCE, P.R. (1985). A review of the nutrient requirements of draught oxen. In: Draught Animal Power for Production (ed. J.W. Copland), pp. 59-68. ACIAR Proceedings Series No. 10, Canberra, ACIAR.

LAWRENCE, P.R. and PEARSON, R.A. (1985). Factors affecting the measurements of draught force, work output and power of oxen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 105, 703-714.

MATHERS, J.C., PEARSON, R.A., SNEDDON, J., MATTHEWMAN, R.W. AND SMITH, A.J. (1985). The use of draught cows in agricultural systems with particular reference to their nutritional needs. In: Milk Production in Developing Countries (ed. A.J. Smith), pp. 476-496. Edinburgh University Press.

MATHERS, J.C. and SNEDDON, J.C. (1985). Effect of ambient temperature on the energy costs of activity by tropical cattle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 44, 32A.

PEARSON, R.A. (1985). Physiological changes associated with work: some lessons from the horse. In: Draught Animal Power for Production (ed. J.W. Copland), pp. 51-56. ACIAR Proceedings Series No. 10, Canberra, ACIAR.

SNEDDON, J.C., MATHERS, J.C. and THOMPSON, C.J. (1985). Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in exercising cattle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 44, 33A.

Back to Top

1984

RICHARDS, J.I. and LAWRENCE, P.R. (1984). The estimation of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in working oxen and buffalo. Journal of Agricultural Science, 102, 711-717.

SMITH, A.J. (1984). Work animals in developing countries possibilities for improvement. Span, 27, 27-29.

1981

SMITH, A.J. (1981). Draught animal research: a neglected subject? World Animal Review, 40, 43-47.

SMITH, A.J. (1981). The role of draught animals in agriculture systems in developing countries. In: Vegetable Productivity (ed. C.R.W. Spedding), pp. 247-262. Macmillan, London.

1980

LAWRENCE, P.R. and RICHARDS, J.I. (1980). The energy cost of walking in some tropical draught animals. Animal Production, 30, 455.  

Back to Top